Russia, Jochi Ulus, Khan Toqtamish, AR Dirhem, 1394 AD, Azaq Mint, Zeno-262816

Description

This coin was issued under
Toqtamish Khan
(AH 782-797,
1380-1395
AD) of the United Blue and White Horde,
Jochi Ulus
in Russia.
It was minted in AH 796 (
1394
AD) in
Azaq City
(now Azov in Russia).
Jochi Ulus
is also known as
Kipchak Khanate
or as
Golden Horde.
It was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate.  It was the northwestern sector of
the Mongol Empire.
After the death of
Batu ibn Jochi
(AH 621-653, 1224-1255 AD), the founder of Jochi Ulus, the
dynasty
flourished  until 1359 AD.
The Ulus's military
power peaked
during the reign of
Ghiyath al din Mohammed
Uzbeg Khan
(AH 712-742, 1312-1341 AD).
The territory of Jochi Ulus at
its
peak extended
from
Siberia
and
Central Asia
to parts
of
Eastern Europe
from the
Urals
to the
Danube
in the west, and
from the
Black Sea
to the
Caspian
Sea
in the south,   The khanate experienced violent internal
political disorder
beginning in
1359
, before it briefly
reunited (1381-1395) under Toqtamish
.
However, soon after the
1396 invasion of Timur
, the founder of Timurid Empire,
Jochi Ulus broke
into small Tatar khanates.
Toqtamish Khan
was a prominent khan of the
Blue Horde
, who briefly united the
White Horde
and
Blue Horde
subdivisions of Jochi Ulus.
He has been cited as the
last great ruler
of the Jochi Ulus territories.
Toqtamish Khan dreamt of emulating his ancestors and made plans to reunite the Jochi Ulus.  In 1380, he invaded Blue Horde, and defeated Mamai, the ruler
of Blue Horde.  Toqtamish Khan made the
reunification
of the Jochi Ulus.
Domitry Donskoy in Moscow
had raised a large army to defeat and suppress the
Mongol-Tatar hordes, and, after defeating Mamai, could not raise another army against Toqtamish.  Toqtamish Khan
sieged Moscow
, and
destructed Moscow
.
Dimitry surrendered to the authority of Toqtamish Khan at the end of
1382
.
[The above explanations are quoted from Wikipedia etc.]
The mint city
Azak
(Azaq) is present day Azov.  It is located at (
47.1000, 39.4167
) in google location system.
I will attach some photos of it.  The photos are taken from google map system and google street view system.
Silver Dirhem.     Some dark spots.
Rare Toqtamish Khan coin.
Catalog number is MI
-1542+ and Zeno-262816.
MI catalogue is "Oriental coins and their values, The World of Islam.",
written by Michael Mitchiner, published by Hawkins Publications in London in 1977.
Zeno on line catalogue is "Zeno. Ru - Oriental Coins Database".
Size : 16 x 15 mm.      Weight : 1.33 gr.
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