Khwarezm Shahs, 'Ala Muhammad (1200-1220 AD), Billon Jital, Farwan, Zeno-159682

Description

This
Billon Jital
coin
was issued under
'Ala al din Muhammad
(AH 596-617,
1200-1220
AD),
Khwarezm Shahs.
It was minted in
Farwan
City.   East Afghan type.
The
Khwarezmian Empire
was a Sunni Muslim empire that
ruled large parts
of present-day Central Asia, Afghanistan and Middle East.
It rules first as vassals of the Seljuk Empire and the Qara Khitai, and later as independent rulers, up until the Mongol conquest in the 13th century.
It was
one of the largest land empires
in history.  The dynasty was founded by
Anush Tigin
, initially a Turkic slave of the rulers of Gharchistan,
later a Mamluk in the service of the Seljuqs.
In 1220,
the Mongols under their ruler
Genghis Khan
invades the Khwarezmian Empire, successfully
conquering the whole of it in
less than two years
.
'Ala al din Muhammed
was the Shah of the
Khwarazmian
Empire from 1200 to 1220.  His ancestor was
Anush Tegin
Ghachai, a Turkic Ghulam who eventually became
a
viceroy
of a small province named
Khwarizm
.  He is perhaps best known for inciting the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire.
After his father died, Muhammad
succeeded him.  Right after his accession, his domains were
invaded
by the two Ghurid brothers.  Muhammad invaded the domains of
the
Ghurid Empire
, and besieged Herat.  Muhammad captured Samarkand in 1207, Tabaristan in 1210.  He pursued
expansionist policy
.  By 1217, he had conquered
all the lands.  He
declared
himself
Shah
.
In
1218
, a small contingent of
Mongols
crossed borders.
Genghis Khan
made contact with the Shah.  Genghis was looking to
open trade relations
.  The Shah believed
this gesture was only a
ploy
to invade his land.  The Shah openly accused the
100 merchants
party of spying, and arrested them.  Genghis sent an envoy of three men
to the Shah, to give him a chance.  The Shah
executed
the envoy, and put the 100 merchants to
death
.  These events led
Genghis
to retaliate with a force of 100,000 to
150,000 men, and
sacked the cities
of Samarkand, Bukhara, Otrar and others.  Muhammad
fled and sought refuge
throughout Khorasan, and later died.
[The above explanations are quoted from Wikipedia on each item.]
I will attach a public domain portrait of "
Khwaresmshah II Arslan at his Coronation
(in 1156 AD)", and a share free historical map of "
Khwarezmid Empire
in 1190-1220
AD".
Old Samarkand
City, the capital in 1212-1220, was
located at (
39.6713, 66.9874
) in the google location system.
The city was
completely destroyed
by the
Mongols
in 1220 AD.  I will attach some photos of the city from the google
map system and from
the google street view system.  The snap shot of the ruined city was taken
by
Mr. Steven Gong in September 2019.
Billon Jital.
Provenance : Ex
Mr. Robert Tye
, Great Numismatist, in Yorkshire, UK in 1999.
Catalog number is Tye-278 and
Zeno-159682
.
Tye
catalogue
is "
Jitals,
A catalogue and Account of the Coin Denomination of Daily Use in Medieval Afghanistan and North West India",
written by Robert & Monica Tye, published by Robert Tye in Isle of South Uist in 1995.
Zeno on line catalogue is "
Zeno. Ru - Oriental Coins Database
".
Size : 15 x 15 mm.      Weight : 3.24 gr.
★★
N
ext Auction : Start on 25th January (Wed.) / End on 4th February (Sat.).  For 10 days.★★
Dear Friends,
I have re-opened this eBay corner.  In November 2021, due to the limit of postal transportation capacity, the Japan Post Office
had
stopped accepting
shipments of
small packages to many nations.  This corner had stopped in the same month. The
Japan Post Office
has gradually resumed
accepting small packages to many
nations.
However, shipments to USA and UK and some other nations,
have
not net been accepted them,
even now
.
I have decided to re-open this corner from December 2022, and to send the coins by
EMS
to the nations, where small packages can
not be accepted,
and to pay the
excess shipping cost (about 15 USD per one EMS) by myself.
I would like to ask my friends, who live
in USA, UK and some other nations, if possible,
please
purchase one more coins.  Thank you.
★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★
★
★
All items offered are unconditionally guaranteed to be authentic.
I will send you the coins in combined shipping, when you purchase several coins in three days.
The additional shipping fee
for additional each coin is 1 USD.
When the total purchase price exceeds 40 USD, I recommended that you receive them by registered mail.
The additional fee
for the registered mail is 4 USD.
Please e-mail to me, when you want to receive the coins by registered mail, before sending
the payment.
I will send an invoice to you.
But now, unfortunately,
I can not send it with registered mail to some nations, including
USA, Canada & Australia.
The Japan Post Authority has stipulated that the current handling of international mail to some nations,
all of the air-mail can not
be treated as registered mail.
The handling is due to the paralysis of the international postal system.
I hope to restore international postal services as soon as possible.
Thank you.